Objective To study rodent-harborage pathogens in Inner Mongolia Manchuria port during 2013-2015, in order to provide basic information for surveillance. Methods To detect 12 pathogens in rodents by using nucleic acid detection method. Results There are more types of rodents in Manchuria port area,and the main pathogens were Bartonella and Hantavirus (HV), Bartonella detection rate was 9.09% in 2013, HV detection rate was 2.34% in 2014. Conclusion Bartonella and HV were the main pathogens transmitting among rodents in Inner Mongolia Manchuria port, the detection of these 2 pathogens should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of the diseases.

Objective We monitored the adult mosquito densities during 2011 to 2014, in order to provide a reference for preventing and controling outbreaks of the Japanese encephalitis. Methods During April to November of 2011 to 2014, we used light trapping method to monitor adult mosquito density at different geographic locations and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results The predominant mosquito species in different habitats were different, Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 91.39% in livestock shed. The predominant mosquito species in other various habitats was C_x. pipiens pallens which accounted for more than 70%. Peak season was in June, July and August. Conclusion The overall mosquito density was low in Ningbo city, we should strengthen the monitoring of mosquito density in livestock shed. We should implement mosquito management tactics in April and May before the onset of the peak mosquito density.

Objective The host animals and vector insects were monitored for early detection of plague epidemic and timely implementation of control measures. Methods Live rats were captured with cage traps, and taxonomically identified. The liver, spleen and sera samples were collected from the rats for detection of F1 antibodies and fleas. The rodent density, flea?carrying rate and flea index were then calculated. Results The dominant species of indoor rats were Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi, and the ones of outdoor rats were R. losea and Bandicota indica. The average rodent density, indoor and outdoor, reached 7.46% and 2.90%, respectively. The average flea?carrying rate of indoor rats was 42.00% with the total flea index of 1.19. The significantly dominant parasitic flea was Xenopsylla cheopis. Conclusion Although the species composition of hosts and vectors in historically epidemic areas remained stable with low density and a declining flea index, it is desirable to perform the monitoring for timely detection of abnormal signals, so as to implement the necessary measures to prevent the recurrence of plague.

【Abstract】 Objective To assess the killing efficacy of three  photosensitizers such as rose bengal（RB）, erythrosin B and  α-terthiophe to the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes albopictus in the laboratory and the field. Methods The number of dead larvae was recorded after application of RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen at different illumination conditions, and experimental parameters affecting photoinsecticidal was analyzed. The toxicity mechanism of RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen was studied by histochemistry method.  Results RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen showed less activity in dark .  The killing effect to larvae could reach 100% using 10 or 25 μg/ml RB and 100 or 150 μg/ml erythrosin B after exposed to 320×102 lx of light intensity generated by daylight lamp (100 W) for 6 h. The killing effect of α-terthiophen also achieved 100% at the concentration of 1 μg/ml after exposure to moderate or low intensity sunlight for 5 h. Erythrosin B and α-terthiophen was applied to control Ae.albopictus larvae in the clear water or muddy water of the field respectively. The result showed the killing rates of RB and α-terthiophen were 46% and 49% in the muddy water body, and 67% and 89% in the clear water body. However, that of α-terthiophen reached 98% in the above mentioned water body after continuously exposed to strong sunlight. Severe pathological damage of larvae caused by RB,erythrosin B and α-terthiophen were observed with optical microscopic. The damage were as follows: villus of midgut disappeared,  midgut cells swell and cell nucleus disappeared. Fat body widely distributed under the epidermis and the shape of malpighian tubes was abnormal and its lumens narrowed. Conclusion RB, erythrosin B and α-terthiophen are high?efficiency and applied photo-insecticides.

A high level of 6088-fold population (RPy strain) of fenvalerate resistant Culex pipiens pallens(Coq.)collected from Nanshi district in Shanghai was successfully developed in laboratory by treating the 4th instar larvae with fenvalerate. The Rpy strain showed high cross-resistant level for P, P'-DDT(>388X), for other Pyrethroids [6(Tetramethrin) to>140X (tran-permethrin)]. For Dieldrin, Dimethoate, Trichlorfon and Propoxur (1-2X), and for Fenitrothion, Methylparathion, Malathion, Temephos and Carbaryl (more susceptible than S strain).The in vivo studies of synergism by different special inhibitors such as Pb, TPP and DMC indicated that mechanisms of resistance in the Rpy strain might be associated with DDTase and mixed-function oxidase (MFO) for DDT-resistance, and MFO and Esterase for fenvalerateresistance.